12 Things Never to Burn in a Fireplace

Are there really 12 things you shouldn't burn in a fireplace? The answer is yes - basically anything other than seasoned cordwood is a potential hazard. While you and your family are sitting around a cozy fire, think about what you are burning in your fireplace. 

Treated or Painted Wood

Lumber and wood materials that have been painted or chemically treated to resist decay and insects can emit hazardous toxins when burned. This includes construction scraps and most wooden pallets.

These harmful chemicals can accelerate corrosion in your firebox and chimney flue, potentially causing significant damage over time.

Is burning treated or painted wood in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, it poses serious risks. When burned, these materials release various toxic substances, including arsenic and lead compounds. Exposure can result in health issues ranging from respiratory irritation and skin reactions to more severe conditions like cancer and chronic diseases.

Furniture

Most furniture pieces contain treated and painted components, making them unsuitable for burning. Additionally, furniture often contains metal hardware like nails and screws that can cause injuries during handling, burning, and ash cleanup.

Is burning furniture in the fireplace dangerous?

Absolutely. "Furniture typically consists of various processed wood materials with unknown chemical treatments," explains Nikolin. "When burned, it releases a complex mixture of toxins that can severely impact your health."

Particle Board

While particle board shares hazards with treated wood and furniture, it deserves special mention because "burning particle board is particularly dangerous," warns Nikolin. "The material contains high concentrations of adhesives and chemical treatments that produce extremely toxic fumes when burned."

Is burning particle board in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, burning particle board poses significant health risks. The chemicals released can cause both immediate and long-term health complications.

Moldy or Rotting Wood

Burning wood that's moldy or decomposing releases fungal spores into the air, triggering breathing difficulties. This wood is also less dense and contains more moisture, producing excessive smoke while generating minimal heat. Additionally, removing such wood can disrupt natural habitats, as decaying trees and fallen logs often house various wildlife including nesting birds.

Is burning moldy or rotten wood in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, burning moldy or rotting wood can be hazardous. The released spores and bacteria can irritate your respiratory system and eyes.

Dry wood is "checked" or cracked on the ends. 

Wet Wood

Wet Wood

Freshly cut wood or trees with high moisture content that haven't been properly seasoned will produce excessive smoke during burning. This results in dangerous creosote buildup on your chimney walls, creating a serious fire hazard. Such wood is also frustratingly difficult to ignite, which explains why you should never harvest trees directly from campsites for burning.

Is burning wet wood in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, burning wet wood poses significant risks. Wet or unseasoned wood generates excessive smoke and creosote buildup, creating a serious fire hazard.

Purchase a moisture meter to check moisture content before burning. It should be 20% or less. 

Newspaper and Cardboard

While it's tempting to dispose of old pizza boxes or weekend newspapers in your fireplace, these materials can create persistent embers that float up the chimney. These floating embers pose risks of igniting chimney fires, roof fires, or even wildfires. However, there's one exception: using small amounts of tightly twisted newspaper for fire starting is generally considered safe.

Is burning paper and cardboard in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes. Wood pulp products, particularly in large quantities, tend to produce large flaking embers that can potentially trigger house fires.

Glossy Paper

Like regular paper products, glossy materials such as magazines, gift wrap, candy wrappers, and chocolate boxes can ignite house fires. Additionally, these items contain colored inks that release toxic gases during combustion.

Is burning glossy paper in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes. According to Nikolin, "While they appear to be simple paper products, they actually contain various materials including plastic, glossy or colored inks, and foil. When burned, these materials produce excessive smoke and ash that can clog your chimney, while also releasing toxic chemicals harmful to health."

Plastics and Synthetic Materials

This should be common knowledge, but it bears repeating: never burn plastic materials. These items contain high levels of carcinogens that, when burned, release harmful chemicals affecting not only those in immediate proximity but also individuals downwind who may inhale the smoke.

It doesn't matter what type of plastic material you have—whether it's shopping bags, bubble wrap packaging, plastic bottles, styrofoam containers, or even cigarette butts—these items should never be burned in your fireplace. It's also important to note that many disposable food containers that appear to be made of paper often contain a thin plastic lining.

Is burning plastic and other synthetic materials in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, extremely dangerous. When plastic materials are burned, they release toxic chemicals and carcinogenic substances that can be hazardous when inhaled.

Dryer Lint

Having previously praised dryer lint for its fire-starting capabilities, I was quite disappointed to discover that it shouldn't be burned in fireplaces or anywhere else. One major concern is that it contains microplastic fibers from clothing—considering that polyester and nylon (both forms of plastic) make up more than two-thirds of modern clothing materials. Additionally, the highly combustible nature of dryer lint makes it a significant fire hazard.

Is burning dryer lint in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes. The synthetic fibers present in dryer lint can release hazardous chemical fumes throughout your home and chimney system.

Charcoal

While it might seem logical to use leftover barbecue charcoal in your fireplace, this practice can be dangerous as it releases high levels of carbon monoxide into your living space. Even with proper fireplace ventilation, your home's air filtration system may struggle to handle elevated carbon monoxide emissions from charcoal burning.

Is burning charcoal in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes. Charcoal combustion produces high concentrations of carbon monoxide, a lethal gas that cannot be detected by smell or sight, making exposure especially dangerous.

Christmas Trees

While disposing of your old Christmas tree in the fireplace might seem practical, it's actually quite dangerous. The wood hasn't been properly seasoned, and evergreen trees and their needles contain high concentrations of fast-burning resin. This can generate extremely high temperatures that may lead to chimney fires or structural damage to your chimney.

Is burning Christmas trees in the fireplace dangerous?

Yes, they pose a serious fire hazard. "The needles can create dangerous sparks and embers that shoot out unpredictably, while burning unevenly and intensely, which often results in dangerous flare-ups in your fireplace," explains Nikolin.

Fire Accelerants

If you're frustrated by slow-starting fires, you might be tempted to use accelerants such as gasoline, lighter fluid, or kerosene. However, these highly flammable liquids can cause fires to escalate rapidly and generate excessive heat that can damage your fireplace and chimney.

Is it dangerous to burn fire accelerants in the fireplace?

Yes, they can cause fires to quickly become unmanageable, putting both your home and chimney structure at risk.

--------------------------------

Marge Padgitt is the owner of Hearthmasters Chimney Service, Padgitt Forensic Investigations, and Hearthmasters Publishing in Kansas City, Missouri. She is the author of "Wood-Fired Heating and Cooking," "Your House is Killing You," and The Chimney and Hearth Pro's Resource book. Website: www.chimkc.com. 

What Homeowners Need to Know About Chimney Fires

 

Chimney fires can be a devastating event for homeowners, leading to extensive damage and posing serious safety risks. Understanding the causes and implementing preventive measures is crucial for maintaining a safe home environment. This article will explore effective strategies to avoid chimney fires, ensuring that your fireplace or wood stove remains a source of warmth and comfort rather than a potential hazard.

Understanding Chimney Fires

Chimney fires occur when the buildup of creosote—a highly flammable substance formed from burning wood—ignites within the chimney flue. This can lead to flames shooting out of the chimney, causing significant damage to the structure and potentially spreading to other parts of the home. Recognizing the signs of a chimney fire and understanding its causes is the first step in prevention.

Causes of Chimney Fires

1.       Creosote Buildup: The primary cause of chimney fires is the accumulation of creosote, which can ignite when exposed to high temperatures. All types of wood create creosote. 

2.       Improper Burning Practices: Burning unseasoned wood or using excessive amounts of fuel can lead to incomplete combustion, resulting in more creosote production.

3.       Obstructions: Debris, animal nests, or blockages in the chimney can restrict airflow, increasing the risk of a fire.

4.  Improper Maintenance: Lack of proper maintenance, including sweeping to remove creosote, and inspections to check the condition of the chimney, can lead to chimney fires. 

Regular Inspections and Maintenance

Annual Chimney Inspections

One of the most effective ways to prevent chimney fires is to schedule annual inspections with a certified chimney sweep. These professionals will thoroughly examine your chimney for any signs of damage or buildup and perform necessary cleanings.

What to Expect During an Inspection:

·         A thorough cleaning of the flue to remove soot and creosote.

·         An inspection with a Chimney camera, visual inspection, and a detailed condition report outlining any issues
       found.

·         Recommendations for repairs or maintenance.

Cleaning Your Chimney

Regular cleaning is essential to prevent creosote buildup. Homeowners should consider the following:

·         Frequency of Cleaning: If you use your fireplace frequently, aim for at least two cleanings per year. For occasional use, an annual cleaning may suffice. For wood stove burners: at least twice during the season. 

·         DIY Cleaning: If you choose to clean your chimney yourself, ensure you have the right tools, such as chimney brushes and rods, and follow safety precautions. This is not recommended because homeowners usually will not know how to identify problems with the chimney system. 

Proper Wood Burning Practices

Use Seasoned Wood

Burning seasoned wood is crucial for minimizing creosote buildup. Seasoned wood has been dried for at least six months, reducing moisture content to 20%, and producing less smoke.

Identifying Seasoned Wood:

·         Look for cracks on the ends of the logs.

·         The wood should feel lightweight and produce a hollow sound when struck together.

• Use a moisture meter to measure moisture content
  

Control Airflow

Understanding how to manage airflow in your fireplace or wood stove can significantly impact combustion efficiency.

·         Adjusting the Damper: Ensure the damper is fully open when starting a fire to allow for maximum airflow. Once the fire is established, you can adjust it to maintain a steady burn.

·         Avoid Overloading: Do not overload your fireplace or stove with wood, as this can lead to smoldering fires that produce more creosote.

Installing Safety Features

Chimney Caps

Installing a chimney cap can help prevent debris and animals from entering the chimney, which can obstruct airflow and increase fire risk.

·         Benefits of a Chimney Cap:

·         Keeps out rain and snow, reducing moisture buildup.

·         Prevents animals from nesting in the chimney.

Monitoring Fire Conditions

Use a Chimney Thermometer

A chimney thermometer can help you monitor the temperature of the flue gases. Keeping the temperature within the optimal range (300-500 degrees Fahrenheit) can help prevent creosote buildup.

·         Signs of Overheating: If the thermometer indicates temperatures above 500 degrees, reduce the amount of wood being burned or adjust the airflow.

Recognize Warning Signs

Being aware of the signs of a chimney fire can help you act quickly if one occurs. Look for:

·         Loud roaring or popping noises from the chimney.

·         Flames or sparks shooting from the chimney top.

·         Smoke suddenly backing up into the home.

Emergency Preparedness

Know What to Do in Case of a Chimney Fire

If you suspect a chimney fire, it’s essential to act quickly:

•     Call Emergency Services: Dial 911 immediately to report the fire.
•     Close the Damper: If safe to do so, close the damper to limit airflow and help extinguish the fire.
•     Evacuate the Home: Ensure everyone in the home is safe and evacuate if necessary.
•   Keep watch for several hours after the fire has been extinguished. Sometimes fires or heat that escape      the chimney can ignite nearby combustibles in the walls or attic and smolder for hours. 

Keep Fire Extinguishing Tools Handy

Having the right tools on hand can make a difference in an emergency:

·         Fire Extinguisher: Keep a Class ABC fire extinguisher near your fireplace or wood stove.

·         Chimney Fire Extinguishers: Consider investing in specialized chimney fire extinguishers that can be deployed in case of a fire.

Conclusion

Preventing chimney fires requires a combination of regular maintenance, proper burning practices, and awareness of potential hazards. By following these guidelines, homeowners can enjoy the warmth and comfort of their fireplaces and wood stoves while minimizing the risk of fire. Remember, safety should always be a priority, and when in doubt, consult with a professional to ensure your chimney is in optimal condition.

By taking proactive measures, you can protect your home and loved ones from the dangers of chimney fires, ensuring a safe and enjoyable heating experience throughout the colder months.
__________________________

Marge Padgitt is a seasoned veteran in the chimney industry, with over 40 years of experience. She is the author of Your House is Killing You, Wood-Fired Heating and Cooking, and The Chimney and Hearth Pro's Resource Book. Reach her at www.chimkc.com or email margepadgitt@gmail.com. 

How to Choose a Hearth Appliance

High-efficiency fireplace by Regency

Since there are so many options for hearth appliances, it can sometimes be difficult to make a decision.  There are many choices available now from old school open fireplaces that actually take heat from the house, to high-tech hybrid masonry heaters that heat an entire house with very little wood. Both gas and wood-burning appliances are available, and making the right choice can mean the difference between thoroughly enjoying a fire or regretting the day you decided to make a purchase. 

First and foremost, it is critical to purchase a quality appliance from a reputable hearth dealer or chimney sweep, and that the installer is certified by the National Fireplace Institute and/or the Chimney Safety Institute of America (preferably both). These Certifications show that the installer is trained in their field. Also be sure to find out if the dealer is properly licensed by the local contractor agency and pulls a permit from the city codes department if required by your city. Professional dealers carry quality products. 

Buying from a big box store or local farm store may be tempting because of the low prices. The price reflects the quality, workmanship, and the warranty of the appliance, and that is why these types of stores sell the cheaper items. The metal is not as thick, the welds may not be as strong, and some stores even continue to sell non-EPA approved appliances which are not legal. You may also find non U.L. listed products online or in stores and that is a big problem since your local codes likely don't allow them. There is a reason - these appliances are inferior and could be a fire hazard in the near future. We've actually seen cheap stoves burn out in one season. 

Another problem with box store hearth appliances (other than electric units which are OK) is that they don't provide a qualified installer to install it. Gas and wood-burning stoves and fireplace inserts should only be installed by a qualified professional,  and the manual likely states that or the warranty is voided. There is a reason for this, too - there are too many mistakes that could be made that can cause a fire or Carbon Monoxide hazard.

Below is a chart I made to help people choose the appliance that is right for them: 

If you can't read the small print, go to our website at www.chimkc.com and you'll find this same page under appliances. 

Things never to buy: 

• Non-U.L. Listed appliances
• Barrel-stove kits (unsafe and not U. L. listed)
• Non-EPA approved appliances
• Older appliances that were made prior to 1989 (f you have one, get rid of it unless it is a rare early EPA approved and U.L. listed product)

And do not sell your old appliance - have it hauled to the dump. It is illegal to install a non-approved appliance in most jurisdictions. 

Remember that your local jurisdiction may REQUIRE a professional to do the installation, including the chimney or flue liner and connecting pipe, components, chimney cover, wall and floor protection, etc. and won't let homeowners DIY. 

THIS IS NOT A DO IT YOURSELF PROJECT!

House fire 

Let me repeat that - this is not a DIY project. I don't care how handy you are, if you are an engineer, contractor, or genius -if you are not a hearth or chimney professional you will miss something important!

After all, we are talking about FIRE in your house! 

I don't suggest using non-venting gas logs (see my article To Vent or Not to Vent on this blog for more info), or pellet stoves. Pellet stoves require weekly maintenance by the homeowner, which they never do, and then the stove stops working. There are also times when in the middle of winter it is impossible to find pellets. So for this reason I say stay away from pellet heating appliances. Pellet grills and smokers, on the other hand, are very easy and fun to use and you can always get pellets in the spring.  

Keep in mind that the newer the appliance the cleaner burning it is. The Environmental Protection Agency has come down hard on wood-burning appliance manufacturers and they've really stepped up and are now making super clean burning products. Some wood-burning stoves and inserts are hybrids, which means that a catalytic combustor is installed along with a secondary burn chamber. 

Custom masonry heater
by Gene Padgitt

So what is my favorite heating appliance?  Masonry heaters, of course. Masonry heaters use 1/3 the wood of a new clean- burning wood stove to produce the same amount of heat. They also retain the heat for long periods of time then emit this in the form of radiant heat throughout the day or evening, and only require loading twice per day. And no fan is required. The hybrid ECCO stove/masonry heater is also a very good choice. If you prefer gas, go with a direct vent gas insert that will provide ambiance and heating and is easy to use with a remote control! 

If you are considering a fireplace insert because your chimney is damaged by a chimney fire or rain water, remember to ask your chimney sweep to remove the creosote in the flue and chamber first. Creosote can cause bad odors, but more importantly can catch on fire when exposed to heat from the flue liner that comes with the stove. 

I know, this is a lot to consider, but hopefully I've made your job a bit easier. 

____________________________

Marge Padgitt is a veteran chimney specialist in Kansas City, Missouri. She is a CSIA Certified Chimney Sweep and NFI Certified Gas Specialist. Contact her at hearthmastersboss@gmail.com. 

Consumer Alert: Beware of Unlisted Wood Stoves

By Marge Padgitt

►CONSUMER ALERT:

There is a big difference in quality and longevity when it comes to wood-burning stoves. Some metal wood-burning stoves and all barrel stove kits being sold by home improvement stores are NOT U.L. Listed or EPA approved, and therefore, cannot be installed in most cities according to the International Residential Code and city codes. 

Wood Stove Kit from U.S. Stove - this is an unlisted product

Wood stove barrel kits allow the consumer to modify a 50-gallon barrel to be used as a wood-burning stove. The barrels were not designed for this purpose, nor have they been tested for this use. It is unknown how long the so called "stove" would hold up. It is definitely not a product with a secondary burn chamber, so would be very dirty burning, spewing black smoke during use. The EPA does not allow such wood stoves to be used. 

So why are these kits sold? Good question, and I don't have the answer to that other than apparently, anyone can sell anything in the U.S. 

When purchasing a wood stove look for a label on the product that says "U.L." or Underwriters Laboratories, which indicates that the appliance has been tested do U.L. standards. If no label exists, it is not legal to install in most cities. 

Check with your local building codes official before purchasing a wood-burning heating appliance to see what their jurisdiction requires. Most major cities require that a licensed contractor do the installation of the stove and chimney or flue liner. The license they are looking for is called an HVAC or Master Mechanical License. Some cities require that a Certified Chimney Sweep by the Chimney Safety Institute of America or an NFI Certified Woodburning Specialist by the National Fireplace Institute do the installation. 

However, it is good advice to not waste your money on these potentially dangerous products. Find a local professional chimney sweep or hearth retailer who carries good quality wood-burning stoves with a warranty. 

_______________________________

Marge Padgitt is the CEO of HearthMasters, Inc. in Independence, Missouri. 

Spring preparation tips for wood burners

As difficult as it is to think about cold weather during the nice spring and summer months when the trees are green and the flowers are in full bloom, wood burners need to start prepping for fall now.

Since wood needs to be cut, split and stacked months in advance so that it dries out properly, now is the time to get that project completed, and get some exercise to boot. There are several types of log-splitters available that can make the job much easier. Prices range from $150 for a hand-operated splitter, to $3,000 for a professional gas splitter.

Fotolia.com 

Wood should be stacked off the ground, away from the house, with a covering over the top but not on the sides-- so wind can blow through and dry the wood out. For the serious wood-burner, a wood shed with a permanent roof will offer years of protection from the elements. Wood should be kept away from the house because creepy crawlies like brown recluses like to hide in between the logs. Check wood with an inexpensive moisture meter to be sure it contains less than 20% moisture content before burning.

Any dry wood will do- but hardwood will burn for a longer time since it is denser than softwood. By using hardwood less time is involved in loading up the wood stove or fireplace insert, but softwoods will burn nicely. Stay away from dry pine and hedge, however, because they burn so hot and fast there is a greater risk of a chimney fire or damaging a wood stove or fireplace.

Another maintenance task that should be completed in the spring is chimney sweeping. The Midwest Chimney Safety Council suggests that a professional CSIA Certified chimney sweep do the job. Professional sweeps are trained to check things that the layperson may not be aware of such as proper chimney and connecting pipe installation, clearances to combustibles, wall and floor protection. If used for primary heating purposes, wood-burning stoves and insert flues or chimneys should be swept at least twice during the wood-burning season and once after to be sure that flammable creosote is removed.

Chimney sweep at work. HearthMasters, Inc. 

All wood creates creosote- even dry hardwood, and removal is critical to avoid chimney fires. Chimney fires can not only damage chimneys and connecting pipes, but may escape into the home and cause a house fire.

Check exterior masonry chimneys in the spring for damaged, missing, or spalling bricks (brick faces popping off due to moisture penetration), missing or deteriorated mortar joints, bad flashing or gaps in the flashing, cracked or deteriorated cement crown, and missing or improper chimney covers. Apply masonry water repellant sealer on a dry, calm day to help slow down the deterioration process.

For a prefabricated chimney check the wood chase for wood rot, holes from woodpeckers or squirrels, rusted metal chase tops, and damaged chimney covers.

All of these chimney maintenance items are best addressed in the spring and summer before cold weather sets in and makes work more difficult and expensive.

Don't Spoil the Holidays with a Chimney Fire

As the weather gets colder, and the holidays approach, more people are using -- and abusing, their wood stoves and fireplaces. A chimney fire during this time can ruin the day.

December and January are the worst months for chimney fires so I've made a list of tips for homeowners to follow that will help avoid a fire.

Tips to avoid a chimney fire:

- Never burn wet wood (more than 20% moisture content). Wet wood takes a lot of energy to burn off the moisture and causes smoldering, which is inefficient.

- Never burn dry pine or hedge- they burns too hot (but small pieces may be used for kindling

- Never burn treated wood or colored paper (toxic fumes are emitted which can be a health hazard)

- Never burn wrapping paper- this is a big cause of chimney fires! Wrapping paper floats upward and can catch creosote on fire in the smoke chamber or flue.

- Never put a Christmas tree in a fireplace - a chimney fire is practically guaranteed! Christmas trees are especially dry and will burn fast and hot. Instead, take the tree outside and cut into small pieces for kindling or have it hauled off by the city.

- No Chimney Sweeping Logs! We have had customers who have had chimney fires occur right after use of one of these logs. Creosote on the flue walls drops down into the smoke chamber on the shelf where it is closer to the fire. Then a spark can ignite it and a chimney fire occurs. Besides, the sweeping log can't do an inspection!

- Have the chimney swept and inspected annually, or more often for wood stoves - by a professional chimney sweep. A good chimney sweep can identify problems that the untrained eye may miss. 

All wood creates creosote - even dry hardwoods like Oak and Hickory, so creosote cannot be avoided. It must be removed by brushing, or in some cases where glazed, baked-on creosote is on the flue walls - by power cleaning. Power cleaning may consist of a wire whip or chains on a drill operated by a technician. This removes the baked -on creosote. A chemical treatment may also be needed. Glazed creosote occurs when wood is not properly burned, or the wrong type of wood is used. 

Get advise from your chimney sweep about how to use your fireplace or wood stove if you have any questions. Check our website at www.chimkc.com for more homeowner tips.  

---------------------------------

Marge Padgitt is the president of HearthMasters, Inc. and publisher of Wood-Fired Magazine. She has been in the chimney and hearth industry for 29 years and is a CSIA Certified Chimney Sweep and NFI Woodburning Specialist.

Missouri Says No to Blanket EPA Regulations on Wood-burning Appliances

Governor Jay Nixon signed legislation Friday prohibiting the Department of Natural Resources from regulating wood-burning heaters, unless specifically authorized by the Missouri Legislature.

High-efficiency freestanding
Wood-burning stove

The legislation was introduced in an attempt to prevent Missouri from helping implement a proposed rule change by the federal Environmental Protection Agency. That proposal would give manufactures five years to meet tougher standards reducing emissions from wood stoves by an estimated 80 percent.

The EPA's existing regulations implemented in 1988 caused emissions to be reduced by as much as 70% due to the use of new technology, and don't apply to all of the different kinds of wood-burning devices now in use. Older stoves sold prior to 1989 produced emissions of 20-40 grams per hour. Today's stove emissions are 1.9 - 4.6 grams per hour, which is a significant reduction that likely can't be reduced. The new regulations are so strict, that manufacturers may not be able to meet the guidelines.

Manufacturers have said the EPA proposal would drive up their costs and force them to raise prices to a point where many consumers could no longer afford to purchase their products.
Wood stove bill HB1302 sponsored by Representative Tim Remole, and co-sponsored by Paul Fitswater specifies that Missourians have the right to heat their homes and businesses using wood-burning furnaces, stoves, fireplaces, and heaters. The bill becomes effective on August 28, 2014.

In part, the Bill reads "New rules or regulations shall not be applied to existing wood burning furnaces, stoves, fireplaces, or heaters that individuals are currently using as their source of heat for their homes or businesses. All wood burning furnaces, stoves, fireplaces, and heaters existing on August 28, 2014 shall be not subject to any rules or regulations enacted after such date. No employee of the state or state agency shall enforce any new rules or regulations against such existing wood burning furnaces, stoves, fireplaces, and heaters."

The Midwest Chimney Safety Council says that this is good news for homeowners who wish to heat their homes with wood and for businesses that service chimneys, fireplaces, and wood-burning stoves. If wood-burning were to be drastically reduced or eliminated thousands of jobs would be lost in the hearth sales, stove manufacturing,and chimney service industries
in Missouri.

Use of fireplace for heating can cause house fire

Photo: CScottDorrett - Fotolia.com

During the extreme cold we are experiencing throughout much of the United States this winter many people attempt to use their fireplace as a source for supplemental heat. But what most homeowners are unaware of is that fireplaces are designed for ambient fires only, and are not meant to be used for heating purposes.

Open fireplaces are inefficiently designed so that most of the heat escapes into the flue, rather than the home. In fact, open fireplaces use heated room air for combustion, thereby lowering the temperature inside the house. Exception: Rumford style fireplaces.

According to the Midwest Chimney Safety Council, chimney sweeps are reporting record calls for chimney service, no doubt due to the unusually long and bitterly cold winter. What the chimney sweeps are finding out is that their customers have been using their fireplaces as a heating source, rather than for just the occasional friendly fire. That is when trouble can happen.

Open wood-or gas burning fireplaces are designed with clearances to combustibles set at certain distances with the idea that people will use their appliance for short periods of time – up to four hours in duration. Once that time has been exceeded, or before if improperly installed,  the nearby combustible materials may overheat and ignite. Combustible headers and studs, which are hidden from view by finishing materials may not be properly installed with proper clearance, which makes matters even worse. Unfortunately, improper construction around fireplaces is a common issue and many house fires have been the result.

Nearby combustible wood may pryolizes over time due to exposure to heat through the masonry or metal fireplace. Pyrolization is the chemical alteration of wood, which lowers the ignition temperature significantly. Wood normally ignites at 500 degrees, but pyrolized wood can ignite at 180 degrees or lower.

After a Raytown, Missouri house fire in 2009 Fire Investigator Gene Padgitt was requested to find the cause and origin of the fire. The customer had used their masonry fireplace as the sole source of heat for three days while they had no gas after moving in their new home on a Friday. Combustible wood framing, which was improperly installed above the fireplace without proper clearances, ignited due to exposure to heat for the prolonged period. Padgitt said that this scenario is all too common and that unfortunately, he sees it often.

In yet another fire investigation in Topeka, Kansas in 2012 Gene found that the homeowner used a manufactured gas fireplace for seven days straight when wood framing, which was properly installed, ignited. The fire caused a total loss. The homeowner thought that he could heat his house with the fireplace.

This type of burning is called "Over-firing" in the chimney and hearth industry. The fact is that masonry fireplaces do not come with a homeowner's manual, and rarely do new home buyers find a manual for their manufactured fireplace. So it is up to the homeowner to get operation information from his chimney sweep or from websites.

Certain wood and gas appliances are designed for heating, while others are designed for ambient fires. Since there are no standards in the industry that have been adopted for masonry fireplaces, Padgitt suggests that homeowners use common sense when operating a fireplace or stove.  He suggests the following:

Appliances designed for ambient fires:

• Wood-burning manufactured fireplaces (read the manufacturer instructions)
• Wood-burning masonry fireplaces
• Gas-burning manufactured fireplaces (read the manufacturer instructions)
• Gas-burning masonry fireplaces

Appliances designed for heating:

• Wood-burning freestanding stoves with proper clearances
• Wood-burning fireplace inserts in masonry fireplaces
• Wood-burning masonry heaters
• Direct-Vent Gas fireplaces (per manufacturer instructions)
• Non-Venting gas logs in masonry fireplaces (read the manufacturer instructions which likely state that they are not to be used for longer than four hours at a time)

All gas and wood burning appliances should be installed by a professional technician, and inspected annually and swept or serviced as necessary by a professional chimney sweep or certified technician. Wood-burning stoves and inserts should be swept at least twice per season if used for primary heating purposes, or used on a regular basis in order to remove flammable creosote.

Note: Non-Venting gas logs and wood-burning fireplace inserts should never be installed in manufactured fireplaces. To do so voids the warranty on the fireplace, and alters the fireplace which is a code violation. Any alteration can be a fire hazard.

Resources:
Masonry Heater Association of North America
Chimney Safety Institute of America
Midwest Chimney Safety Council
National Fire Protection Association

Wood Stove Decathalon to prove efficiency

November 18, 2013

Competitors are finishing up the first ever Wood Stove Decathlon at the National Mall, 12th and Jefferson Drive SW in Washington, DC.  The Decathlon, held November 15 - 19 challenged teams to design and build wood stoves that are highly efficient, produce low emissions, and are innovative and affordable.

The event is sponsored by the Alliance for Green Heat, the U.S. Forest Service, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, and industry groups seeking to improve the efficiency of wood-burning appliances.

The 14 finalists are Dragon Heater, Firemaster, Helbro Stoves, HWAM, Intercontinental, Kimberly, Mulciber, Ofenbou and Feurerstellen, Smartsove, Travis, Tulikivi, Walker Stoves, Wittus, and Woodstock Soapstone.   These companies entered high-efficiency wood stoves, hybridt stove/rocket heaters, and masonry heaters, as well as retrofits to modify existing wood stoves to improve efficiency.

According to Dragon Heater their Helix stove is a hybrid of traditional wood stoves and rocket heaters. It utilizes a traditional firebox with horizontal feeding of the wood including a glass door for viewing the fire. Then, it uses the turbulence and an internal stack or secondary burn chamber from rocket heaters to produce very hot, optimized burns.

Soapstone stove by Tulikivi

Jason Stewart invented the IntensiFire, which is a new downdraft retrofit for wood stoves. He said that  Downdraft brings the benefit of more complete combustion up to 60% more for the same amount of wood. It will bring the benefits of secondary combustion air to older stoves that don't have this function. Baffles are no longer required and the cost of the IntensiFire is around the same as the cost of a replacement baffle.

A team from the University of Maryland created the Mulciber Wood Stove, which includes heat recovery and smart ventilation and burning systems.  It has automatic systems to control air flow in order to maintain the ideal burning conditions and thermoelectric generators provide power to circulate stove heat throughout the home.

Tulikivi introduced their Hiisi 4 hybrid heat-retaining fireplace using soapstone which releases heat more slowly.  The Hiisi 4 uses cord wood or pellets without electricity to operate, and is designed to meet the world's tightest emissions standards set for 2015.

The winner of the contest will be announced on November 19, 2013.

Be Prepared for Cold Winter

Farmer's Almanac predicts a very cold winter for 2013-2014 with large areas of below-normal temperatures over the Northern Plains and the Great Lakes.  Precipitation is expected to be higher than normal in the Midwest, Southeast and Southern Plains.

HearthMasters encourages people to be prepared for power outages by installing a wood stove or fireplace insert for heating. Gas furnaces do not work without a fan, which is run on electricity.

Hearthstone soapstone wood stove

Wood stoves or inserts may be used for everyday heating purposes as the primary source of heat or as a supplemental heat source to cut down on fuel costs.

Gene and I use a wood stove at our own house, and prefer using it to the gas furnace because there is low fan sound and it feels better than heated air coming through the registers.  Wood stoves produce convective heat, and radiant heat - like the sun - so the warmth penetrates the body, which helps people with conditions like arthritis and fibromyalgia.

During 2013 a $300 tax credit may be applied to a high-efficiency wood stove purchase.  Stoves should be sized correctly for the home, placed in the correct location for even heating, and installed by a professional stove installer, who should also install the chimney or flue liner.  This is not a DIY project, and most cities require that a permit be pulled by a qualified contractor for the installation. An improper installation can be a fire hazard.



Wood-burning stove insert

Wood stoves are freestanding appliances and inserts are installed in existing masonry chimneys.  They cannot be installed in a manufactured fireplace.


Wood stove or insert flues must be swept on a regular basis - once per year for supplemental heating, and twice per season if used for primary heating.  In some cases, sweeping more often may be necessary. 



This wood is not seasoned yet - there are no splits
or cracks in the ends

Use of the proper wood is critical to the performance of the stove.  Use only dry, seasoned hard or soft woods such as oak, hickory or maple.  Less wood is used when hardwoods are burned because they are more dense.  Purchase or cut wood at least six months in advance of the burning season and be sure to check the moisture content before burning, which should be between 15 - 20%.  Wet wood does not heat, the moisture must be burned off first which delays the heating time. 

Inexpensive moisture meters can be purchased from us or a hearth retailer, but a quick way to tell if wood is seasoned is to look for splits or cracks in the ends of the wood or bang two logs together - if there is a hollow sound it is pretty dry.  Keep wood off the ground and covered to keep rain off, but leave the sides open for air ventilation.

Never use dry pine logs or discarded Christmas trees in a wood stove or fireplace because they burn very hot very quickly, and chimney fires often occur when this is done.   If using hedge, use only one stick of hedge and two sticks of other wood at a time.  Hedge burns hot and fast as well and can cause overheating and warpage of a wood stove, which is costly damage and a potential safety hazard. 

Chimney fires are caused by the accumulation of creosote in the flue which ignites from heat or a spark.  Avoid chimney fires by having the chimney swept on a regular basis.

See more information and homeowner tips at www.chimkc.com.